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Gallieni, Joseph Simon
Saint-Cyrien, of Italian origin and rather modest, he embodied the republican officer who rose from the ranks thanks to the colonial wars. From his first posting to La Réunion (1872-1875) to the post of Governor General of Madagascar (1896-1905), his career was imperial: Senegal (1877-1881), Martinique (1883-1886), French Sudan (now Mali and Burkina Faso) (1886-1888) and Tonkin (1892-1896). He wrote extensively theorising the doctrine of "pacification", a brutal mix of war of conquest and the establishment of colonial power, and that of "race politics". He ended his career in France at the Conseil Supérieur de la Guerre. In 1914, he returned to service as Governor of Paris, and distinguished himself at the Battle of the Marne. He was Minister of War from October 1915 to March 1916. -
Gandhi, Mahatma
Indian lawyer, anti-colonial nationalist, and nonviolence leader who led India's successful independence campaign from the British Empire in the twentieth century. -
Garcia, Alex French sculptor active in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.
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Garnier, Francis
French naval officer, explorer and colonial administrator in Indochina in the nineteenth century. -
Gascoyne-Cecil, Robert, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1885-1886; 1886-1892; 1895-1902). -
Gascoyne-Cecil, Robert, 7th Marquess of Salisbury
British Conservative politician -
Gaumont, Marcel French sculptor active in the twentieth century.
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Gauthier, Charles French sculptor in the nineteenth century.
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Geffrye, Robert
English merchant and slave trader in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. Geffrye was a petitioner to the East India Company (1654), a Charter Member (1672) and Assistant (1691-2) of the Royal African Company, and Lord Mayor of London (1685-1686). -
Gentil, Emile
French naval officer, explorer and colonial administrator in Africa in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. -
George I
King of Great Britain and Ireland (1714-27) and Elector of Hanover (1698-1727). George I was governor of the South Sea Company, which was involved in the transatlantic slave-trade through the Asiento contract, and held a substantial amount of shares in the company. -
George II
King of Great Britain and Ireland (1727-60). Like his father, George I, George II was also a governor and shareholder of the South Sea Company, which was involved in the transatlantic slave-trade through the Asiento contract. -
George III
King of Great Britain and Ireland (1760-1820) -
George IV
King of the United Kingdom and Hanover (1820-1830) -
George V
King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India (1910-1936) -
George VI
King of the United Kingdom (1936 to 1952) and Emperor of India (1936-1948) -
Germain, Joseph-Marcel
French colonial soldier in Africa and China in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. -
Gern, Charles German born sculptor active in France in the twentieth century.
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Gertrude Gertrude, born 1766, was an enslaved woman from the Clermont estate in Guadeloupe. After several deaths on the estate, including the wife and step-brother of the estate's slave-owner Jean-François de Fougières, Gertrude was accused of poisoning along with six other enslaved people. The trial took place in Petit-Bourg. Two of the accused women died in prison before facing trial. Gertrude's daughter, Perrine, was found innocent. Marabou was sentenced to prison, along with Jean-Philippe who was beaten and branded. Gertrude was condemned to the death penalty and was executed by hanging in the square of Petit-Bourg on February 22nd 1822. She was 56 years old.
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Gibbons, Grinling
Anglo-Dutch sculptor and wood carver in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. A number of his works depict figures with connections to the transatlantic slave-trade, including the statue of Robert Clayton at St Thomas' Hospital, the statue of John Moore at Christ's Hospital, and the statue of Charles II at the Royal Hospital, Chelsea. -
Gibbs, Hayley British sculptor
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Gibson, John
Welsh sculptor active in the nineteenth century. One of his most important patrons was the slave-owner and West Indian merchant Henry Robertson Sandbach, who was awarded slavery compensation for several estates in Guiana after abolition. Gibson produced a number of works for the Sandbach family, including a monument to Margaret Sandbach, a relief titled Suffer the Little Children to Come Unto Me, and two portraits of William Robertson and Sara Maria Sandbach. Another of Gibson's patrons was the slave-owner and politician George Watson Taylor MP, who commissioned a number of works from Gibson including a bust of William Roscoe, six family busts, and statues of Paris and a nymph. -
Gilbert, Alfred
British sculptor in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. -
Gladstone, William Ewart
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1868-1874; 1880-1885; 1886; 1892-1894). Gladstone's father, John Gladstone (1764-1851) was one of the largest and wealthiest British absentee slave-owners in the Caribbean, owning several estates in both Guiana and Jamaica. Although William Ewart Gladstone did not claim slavery compensation himself, he supported compensation payouts for slave-owners (including aiding his father in making his own claims), the apprenticeship system, and the West India interest over issues such as sugar duties. Gladstone's position on slavery did change over time, however, and he gradually became more critical towards the institution. His changing relationship on the matter should be seen in the wider context of Victorian Britain's self-representation as an "anti-slavery nation", and its attendant erasure of the legacies of British slavery in the Caribbean. In 2023, several of Gladstone's descendants traveled to Guiana to formally apologise for the family's involvement in slave-ownership and committed to paying reparations in response. In addition to his own complex relationship to transatlantic slavery, Gladstone's time in office was also shaped by the period of New Imperialism, which saw unprecedented European colonial expansion in Africa and Asia. Although Gladstone and the Liberal Party were known for their opposition to imperialism generally, his premiership involved the British takeover of Egypt in 1882. -
Gleichen, Feodora
British sculptor in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. -
Gordon, Charles George
British army officer and colonial administrator. Gordon was Governor-General of the Sudan from 1877 to 1879 and 1884 to 1885. Gordon's death in 1885 during the nationalist revolt in Sudan, led by the Sudanese religious and political leader Muhammad Ahmad, immortalised him as the archetypal colonial hero in Victorian society. George William Joy's famous painting, The Death of General Gordon (1893), presented Gordon as a stern martyr figure making his "last stand" against empire's racialised and infrahuman others. The cult of Gordon took several artistic forms, including bronze statues by Hamo Thornycroft and Edward Onslow Ford, and indeed outlasted the Victorians, as the films The Four Feathers (1939) and Khartoum (1966) exemplify. Lytton Strachey satirised the hero-worship around Gordon in his work Eminent Victorians (1918), sardonically describing the aftermath of the revolt with the words "At any rate, it had all ended very happily—in a glorious slaughter of 20,000 Arabs, a vast addition to the British Empire, and a step in the Peerage for Sir Evelyn Baring". -
Gough, Hugh, 1st Viscount Gough
British Army officer in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Gough fought in a number of imperial conflicts across the globe, including in the Caribbean, China, and India. He was Commander-in-Chief in China during the First Opium War (1839-1842) and later Commander-in-Chief in India from 1843 to 1849. -
Gouraud, Henri
French military general and colonial administrator in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Gouraud took part in the colonisation of French Sudan (now Mali), Mauritania, Chad and Morocco. -
Granet, Pierre French sculptor in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
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Greck, André French sculptor born in Algiers and active in the twentieth century.
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Green, Richard
British shipowner and philanthropist in the nineteenth century. The family firm Green, Wigram, & Green were involved in constructing East Indiamen for the East India Company. -
Grosvenor, Richard, 2nd Marquess of Westminster
British politician and noble in the nineteenth century. -
Guéniot, Arthur Joseph French sculptor in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
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Guest, Hector Scottish sculptor
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Guilbert, Ernest
French sculptor in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. -
Guillaume, Emile French sculptor in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
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Guillaume, Eugène
French sculptor in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. -
Guy, Thomas
British slave-trade investor, bookseller, politician, and founder of Guy's Hospital. Much of Guy's wealth was made through his investments in the South Sea Company, which was involved in the transatlantic slave-trade from 1713 onwards. He founded Guy's Hospital in 1721. -
Haig, Douglas, 1st Earl Haig
British military officer who served in India, Sudan, South Africa and Europe. -
Hamar, Fernand
French sculptor in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. -
Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, Frederick Temple
British public servant and colonial administrator in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He was Governor-General of Canada (1872-1878) and Viceroy and Governor-General of India (1884-1888). -
Hampton, Herbert British sculptor in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Some of his notable colonial works include the busts of Guy Fleetwood Wilson and John Jenkins in Old Delhi, which are now located in Coronation Park.
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Hamy, Ernest
Trained as a doctor, Ernest Hamy was interested in all human sciences. A student of Paul Broca, he adopted his methods of somatic anthropology to study human skulls. In 1882, he published a synthesis of his studies, Crania Ethnica, Les crânes des races humaines, with Quatrefages, professor of anthropology at the Muséum naturel, in which he gives the measurements taken on the skulls of different "races", considered unequal to each other, and concentrates the study on those he claims "remained at the lowest rung of the ladder of civilizations" (p. VI). A member of numerous learned societies and part of scholarly networks in France and Europe, prolific author of memoirs, books and notes in journals, assistant then professor of anthropology at the Muséum from 1882 to 1908, he worked tirelessly to create the Musée d'ethnographie du Trocadéro. He directed the museum from its creation in 1878 to 1906. -
Hannekom, Wayne Rhodesian soldier who fought to uphold white minority-led rule in Rhodesia (today Zimbabwe) from 1978 to 1980 during the Zimbabwean War of Liberation.
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Haque, Ehtasham Tower Hamlets Councillor in London.
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Haque, Nurul Bangladeshi-British politician and community leader; first Bangladeshi councillor in the UK. Denied membership by the Labour Party, he contested elections as part of the People's Alliance of East London, and took his seat in Tower Hamlets Council in 1982 as an Independent member.
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Hardiman, Alfred Frank English sculptor active in the twentieth century. Hardiman produced a bust of Cecil Rhodes for Rhodes House in Oxford.
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Hardinge, Henry, 1st Viscount Hardinge
British soldier, politician and colonial administrator. Hardinge was Governor-General of India from 1844 to 1848. -
Harland, Edward James
Prominent English shipbuilder and politician in Ireland in the second half of the nineteenth century. Harland co-founded the shipping company Harland & Wolff with Gustav Wilhelm Wolff in 1861. Harland later served as Mayor of Belfast (1889-1886) and Member of Parliament for Belfast North (1889-1895). Harland & Wolff was actively involved in supporting Britain's maritime empire with ship-building yards across the UK. During the American Civil War (1861-1865), Harland & Wolff also received orders for steamers from the Confederate States of America, although whether these orders were actually carried out has not yet been established. -
Harris, Arthur
Colonial air-force officer and Marshal of the Royal Air Force (RAF) during the Second World War. Harris was the son of George Steel Travers Harris, an Indian Civil Service officer, and spent his early adult years in Rhodesia before fighting in Africa and Europe during the First World War. During the interwar years Harris served with the RAF in India, Iraq, Iran, Palestine and Jordan, where he helped to suppress anti-colonial revolts as well as develop new area bombing techniques. After leading RAF Bomber Command in the Allies' bombing campaign against Nazi Germany in the Second World War, Harris moved to South Africa to briefly manage the South African Marine Corporation, before finally returning to the UK in 1953.