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Citation guide

The English version of the Cast in Stone website contains a variety of materials which vary in authorship and copyright status, and the citation guide below invites you to engage with this variety. We have classified them for use for ease of reference. 

Essays

These have clearly named authors, and we recommend that they be cited as below. 

> Case Studies

Case study author(s), 'Title of case study', Cast in Stone, <URL> [date accessed] 

Sample citation: Tommy Maddinson, 'Repatriated Colonial Statues', Cast in Stone, <https://castinstone.exeter.ac.uk/database/s/en/page/case-studies-repatriated-colonial-statues> [accessed 23 March 2024]

> Blogs

Blog author, 'Title of blog', Cast in Stone, published date, <URL> [date accessed] 

Sample citation: Tommy Maddinson, 'Colonial Statues on Twentieth-Century Film', Cast in Stone, 13 February 2024, <https://castinstone.exeter.ac.uk/en/2024/02/13/colonial-statues-on-twentieth-century-film/> [accessed 23 March 2024]

Database items

The Cast in Stone database uses the Omeka S content management system to store its entries related to colonial statues. These entries are known as “items” and they are grouped together according to eight "item sets". These item sets include:

In addition, the database contains other original content, the rights to which may be owned by the team or by other rights holders. We have already discussed how to cite Case Studies and Blogs. How to cite Images, Text and Data is discussed in the next section.

The form of the citation will depend on what item set (i.e. the type of item) or original content you are referring to. Each individual item in the database will normally be accompanied by a reference. These references typically include links to an online website (such as Wikipedia, Historic England, and À nos Grands Hommes), but they can also include books, articles, visual media, archival records and other relevant sources. Our own database references follow the MHRA referencing style.

> Institutions

Cast in Stone, eds., 'Institution', Cast in Stone, <URL> [date accessed]

Sample citation: Cast in Stone, eds., 'Exeter City Council', Cast in Stone, <https://castinstone.exeter.ac.uk/database/s/en/item/1826> [accessed 6 February 2024]

> Law

We have merely collected relevant statutes, legal judgements and government policies. For suggestions on how to cite them, please see the following section.

> Interview

Interviews produced as part of the project have been added both as items in the database and as video files on Cast in Stone's YouTube channel, and can be cited in one of two ways:

'Interview of [interviewee], by [interviewer] for the Cast in Stone project', interview date, Cast in Stone, <URL> [date accessed]

'Interview of [interviewee], by [interviewer] for the Cast in Stone project', interview date, YouTube, <URL> [date accessed]

Sample citations:

'Interview of Muhammad Ahmedullah, by Nandini Chatterjee for the Cast in Stone project', 2 December 2023, Cast in Stone, <https://castinstone.exeter.ac.uk/database/s/en/item/2772> [accessed 6 February 2024]

'Interview of Alexander Holmes Brown, by Nandini Chatterjee for the Cast in Stone project', 23 January 2024, YouTube, <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HpW1hMQlW-8> [accessed 6 February 2024]

> Interview transcript

Please note that interview transcripts were auto-generated by the MS Teams software, and have undergone only minimal manual correction. The interview recording should be taken as the most reliable record of the words said during the interview, and not the interview transcript.

Interview transcript, 'Interview of [interviewee], by [interviewer] for the Cast in Stone project', interview date, Cast in Stone, <URL> [date accessed].

Sample citation: Interview transcript, 'Interview of Muhammad Ahmedullah, by Nandini Chatterjee for the Cast in Stone project', 2 December 2023, Cast in Stone, <https://castinstone.exeter.ac.uk/database/s/en/item/2772> [accessed 6 February 2024]

> Events

Cast in Stone, eds., 'Event', Cast in Stone, <URL> [date accessed]

Sample citation: Cast in Stone, eds., '1905, Unveiling of the Redvers Buller statue in Exeter', Cast in Stone, <https://castinstone.exeter.ac.uk/database/s/en/item/2487> [accessed 6 February 2024]

> Groups

Cast in Stone, eds., 'Group', Cast in Stone, <URL> [date accessed]

Sample citation: Cast in Stone, eds., 'Buller Memorial Committee', Cast in Stone <https://castinstone.exeter.ac.uk/database/s/en/item/3114> [accessed 6 February 2024]

> Monuments

Cast in Stone, eds., 'Monument', Cast in Stone, <URL> [date accessed]

Sample citation: Cast in Stone, eds., 'Equestrian statue of Redvers Buller, Exeter', Cast in Stone <https://castinstone.exeter.ac.uk/database/s/en/item/618> [accessed 6 February 2024]

> People

Cast in Stone, eds., 'Person', Cast in Stone, <URL> [date accessed]

Sample citation: Cast in Stone, eds., 'Redvers Buller', Cast in Stone <https://castinstone.exeter.ac.uk/database/s/en/item/264> [accessed 6 February 2024]

Collected external materials

The database is also a repository of relevant material that we have collected, and which we hope will benefit users of the website. These materials frequently have external authors, and care should be taken to cite them correctly.

> Documents

Cast in Stone, eds., 'Document', Cast in Stone, <URL> [date accessed]

Sample citation: Cast in Stone, eds., 'Official Souvenir of the Unveiling of the Buller Memorial, September 6, 1905', Cast in Stone, <https://castinstone.exeter.ac.uk/database/s/en/item/3115> [accessed 6 February 2024]

Author, 'Document Title', (Publisher, Year) <URL> [date accessed]

Sample citation: Stephen Mullen, 'Glasgow, Slavery and Atlantic Commerce: an Audit of Historic Connections and Modern Legacies', (Report for Glasgow City Council, 2022) <https://www.glasgow.gov.uk/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=56499&p=0> [accessed 6 February 2024]

> Images

Cast in Stone uses a wide range of images across the database. The vast majority of images have been sourced from Wikimedia Commons. In other images, the rights are held by third parties and have been licensed to the Cast in Stone team. You should contact the rights holder if you wish to reproduce these images.

In other instances, the editors of Cast in Stone may have uploaded images themselves related to statues. In most cases, these images will be in the public domain under a CC0 licence. If you would like to credit the original author, you can use the following citation style:

Image author, 'Image title', Cast in Stone, <URL> [date accessed]

Sample citation: Tommy Maddinson, 'Unveiling of the statue of Redvers Buller, Exeter', Cast in Stone, <https://castinstone.exeter.ac.uk/database/s/en/media/3251>

> Laws

Cite statutes and legal judgements as you normally would.

Statutes: Criminial Justice Act 1971, c. 48

Judgements: Attorney General's Reference on a Point of Law, 1 of 2022

Policies: UK Government, Guidance for custodians on how to deal with commemorative heritage assets that have become contested, 5 October 2023

The team

Professor Nandini Chatterjee, Principal Investigator
Dr. Julie Marquet, Principal Investigator
Professor Emmanuelle Sibeud, Principal Investigator
Kelly Foster, Co-Investigator
Dan Guthrie, Co-Investigator
Professor Alan Lester, Co-Investigator
Dr. Camille Mathieu, Co-Investigator
Dr. Anna Seiderer, Co-Investigator
Professor Nicola Thomas, Co-Investigator
Dr. Andrea Wallace, Co-Investigator
Dr. Georgie Wemyss, Co-Investigator
Dr. Nathaniel Adam Tobias Coleman, Research Fellow
Dr. Lise Puyo, Research Fellow
Tommy Maddinson, Research Assistant
Kelley Reesman-Tackett, Research Assistant
Nivedha Venkataramani, Research Assistant
Cannelle Boisdur, Contributor
Valérie-Ann Edmond-Mariette, Contributor
Richard Holding, Developer

Note of thanks

Several individuals and institutions have assisted us by sharing with us their time, expertise and document images. We are grateful to all those who have helped us build this citizens’ archive. 

External links and linkrot

Cast in Stone uses a number of links to external websites as secondary sources of information. In most cases, these websites are widely accessible and well-maintained, but users should always exercise due caution when accessing external sites. The project cannot be held responsible for any cybersecurity risks or threats encountered beyond its own web domain.  

Where possible, we have tried to use the Wayback Machine to archive and preserve sites used as points of reference. Given our limited time and resources, however, it has not been possible to archive all external webpages, meaning that users may encounter link rot over time. 

Issues and errors

If you notice any errors or technical issues with this project, please let us know at digitalhumanities@exeter.ac.uk.