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1762, Thomas Gainsborough paints a portrait of Robert Clive
The artist Thomas Gainsborough was one of the most eminent British painters of the late eighteenth century and generally known for his landscapes and portraits of British aristocrats. He did in fact paint subjects related to slave societies in the Caribbean and of enslaved people. In or around 1772, he completed an oil painting depicting Robert Clive in a military general's uniform, displaying a document that he is holding in his hand. Although the National Army Museum dates this portrait to around 1764, notes from an old India Office catalogue suggest 1762. This would have been the period when Gainsborough was resident in Bath. Little further information is available about the process of commissioning in the many published biographies of the artist. The majority of these studiously ignore all his work related to colonial subjects. - 1763, James MacArdell creates an engraving of a portrait of Robert Clive by Gainsborough
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1770 or thereabouts, Nathaniel Dance-Holland paints a full-length portrait of Robert Clive
In our around 1770, Nathaniel Dance-Holland painted a full-length portrait of Robert Clive. This portrait is currently most likely at Powis castle. The portrait poses Clive in a idyllic British country landscape, leaning casually on a walking stick. -
1773 or after, Nathaniel Dance-Holland paints a portrait of Robert Clive The National Portrait Gallery's website says about this painting: "The prototype of this popular portrait by Dance is presumably the full-length in the collection at Powis Castle. The portrait shows Clive in uniform with the ribbon and star of the order of the Bath, with a battle scene in the background. More detailed information on this portrait is available in a National Portrait Gallery collection catalogue, John Kerslake's Early Georgian Portraits (1977, out of print)."
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1774, Assembly of the Blackboy clock on Kendrick Street Paul Hawkins Fisher described the assembly of the clock in Notes and Recollections of Stroud (1871): "In the house immediately below the passage, John Miles, a watchmaker, formerly lived; and on the front of it he set up a clock, having a large dial-face, and the figure of a n****- boy with a bell before him, on which he sounded the hours with a club. This, it is believed, was the greatest noise, actual or metaphorical, the watchmaker ever made in the world. But he boasted of vast mechanical abilities; and told the writer, then a youth, that he possessed the secret of perpetual motion: and when standing with him at his door, he pointed to a heavily-laden timber-carriage, with a long team of horses passing up the street, and said he could construct a machine that would take up the carriage, timber and horses, throw them into the air, and turn them round for ever and ever! As may be supposed, this foolish boast had an effect on the writer’s young mind contrary to what was intended; for it convinced him that Miles was ignorant both of the proper objects of mechanical science, and of the laws of matter and motion which regulate and determine its power."
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1809, Commissioning of the Robert Milligan statue by the West India Dock Company Following the death of Robert Milligan in 1809, the West India Dock Company commissioned the bronze statue from the sculptor Richard Westmacott in 1810-12. It cost £1,400 and was unveiled in 1813.
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1857, Meeting to plan a memorial to Lord Clive Several British politicians and public figures met in Princess's Hall, London, on the hundredth anniversary of the Battle of Plassey, to plan the creation of a memorial to Lord Clive. It was decided to form a committee to raise subscriptions to support the erection of a statue in a prominent location in Shrewsbury. During the meeting, Earl Stanhope said, 'That, inasmuch as the services of the great Lord Clive, the founder of the British Empire in the East, have not been commemmorated by any public monument, it is in the opinion of this meeting (assembled on the 100th anniversary of the victory of Plassy) desirable to record the national gratitude for those services by erecting a statue on some conspicuous site in Shrewsbury, the chief town of Lord Clive's native county.' Lord Dungannon noted that the aims of this activity was to honour of the virtues of the dead, as well as to 'excite the moral principles of the rising generation.' Expressing a vision of benevolent and paternalist empire, Mr Campbell Paterson noted that the 'defection' in the Indian army had been caused by a departure from Clive's own principles; that Indian soldiers should be treated with kindness rather than severity. A committee was formed consisting of the Lord Lieutenant and the High Sheriff of Shropshire, the President of the India Board, the Chairman of the East India Company, the members for Shrewsbury, the Duke of Cleveland, the Earl of Stanhope, Viscount Dungannon, Sir Robert Vivian, Sir Lawrence Peel, Sir James Hogg, Mr. W.B. Bagley, the Mayor of Shrewsbury, and the Rev. B.H. Kennedy D.D.
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1871, James Scott creates a mezzotint print of Robert Clive's portrait James Scott's print was based on James MacArdell's print, which in turn was based on Gainsborough's portrait of Robert Clive.
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1893, Decision to erect a monument to Olry The Nouméa town council voted to erect a monument to Olry, "considering that Admiral Olry rendered eminent services to the colony, the memory of which will always remain in the hearts of the colonists of New Caledonia; that he quelled an unprecedented insurrection".
- 1901, Buller Memorial Committee decides to create a memorial to Redvers Buller
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1901, Creation of the Buller Memorial Committee in Exeter The Buller Memorial Committee was created in a meeting held in Exeter Guildhall in October 26th, 1901. The committee members were Albert Edward Dunn (Mayor of Exeter, 1900-1901), Edwin Charles Perry (Mayor of Exeter, 1904), J. A. Loram, T. Moulding, W. Wreford (Deputy Mayor of Exeter, 1901), E. J. Domville, T. Linscott (Mayor of Exeter, 1905), C. J. Ross, and W. H. Steer. October 1901 was a critical moment in Buller's own career and his subsequent legacy. Buller had come under heavy criticism from British newspapers for the Army's performance in the Second Boer War, and he was subsequently relieved of his army command on October 22nd, 1901. Given the Exeter meeting was held four days later, the campaign to build a statue for Buller was very much shaped around this controversy over his historical reputation.
- 1902, Buller Memorial Committee decides to build a statue of Redvers Buller in Exeter as a memorial
- 1903, Buller Memorial Committee commissions Adrian Jones to produce the statue of Redvers Buller
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1903, Buller Memorial Committee locates a site for the Redvers Buller statue in Exeter The site chosen was the triangular space opposite the entrance to Hele's School (today Exeter College).
- 1907, Lord Curzon writes in the Times affirming the need for memorials to Clive
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1907, William Forwood writes to The Times lamenting the lack of a memorial to Clive The letter says: LORD CLIVE TO THE EDITOR OF THE TIMES. Sir,—India has many monuments erected in honour of successful and popular Viceroys and others who have served her well, but I have been unable to discover any monument to Lord Clive, to whom more than any other human being we owe our great Empire of India. Westminster Abbey contains no record of the great soldier statesman. . ...,In the "by-ways of - Shropshire, in the quaint little church of Morton-Sayo, the village swain sits . Sunday after Sunday over the grave of Lord Clive—no inscription marks.it, not even his name ; a small brass plate hid away over .the vestry. door.and scarcely legible is • the only record, that the. remains of Robert Clive rest within jts walls. ... . .,Truly Lord Clive rondo. Indian but in tho making of it he aroused, jealousies and political enmity which, acting upon a too sensitive nature, brought him to a premature death. But should He be forgotten ?,■ The good work which. Lord Curzon did for India in,every direction. isi I em; glad to find, gratefully recognized and "appreciated by-her. people ; among the many excellent things, he'accomplished-; was the preservation of het ancient monuments and historical records ; and, if he had ■ remained' in' office, I am sure the memory of his illustrious predecessor would not have been forgotten.,"toe ^aidan'CalCTttAwori^ eniichgd. if it.embraced a monument., to Lord, Clive ; Westminster Abbey would mo"ro:traly; reflect all that is great (and . worthy in Eriglarid’ahistb^y,if. it containedhome, appropriate record, pi Robert^ivo’and ‘what he did to huild-up.her Empire.,/ ' Youih..truly,"i William Forwood, Chairman of Quarter Sessions, Lancashire, Grand Hotel Calcutta, February-8.
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1910, Creation of the Committee to build a monument to Lieutenant-Colonel Germain The town of Brive, the commercial section of the Société de géographie commerciale, chaired by Germain before 1906, the Ecole Polytechnique alumni association and the Brive College alumni association set up the committee, chaired by Eugène Etienne, MP for Oran and Vice-President of the Chamber of Deputies.
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1911, Lord Plymouth writes to Tweed offering a print of a Gainsborough portrait of Clive On 23 November, 1911, Robert Windsor-Clive, Lord Plymouth wrote to Tweed from Garlant's Hotel, Suffolk, saying, "Dear Tweed, I have found a very fine impression of Mr Ardle's print of the Gainsborough portrait of Clive. When it has been framed and glazed, and it is in too fine a state to risk dirtying and rubbing without a glass, I will send it to you and I hope you will find it what you want to work from. Yours sincerely, Plymouth"
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1912, Perceval Landon praises Tweed for his Clive statue In a letter written by Perceval Landon from 83 Charlwood Street, S.W. [London] to his friend John Tweed, Landon said: "My dear Tweed, I cannot thank you properly for that splendid figure. He dominates the room and is so much more than merely Clive. It is the likeness of all the strong men in that small first class of Englishmen; and there is not a shadow on his face or a wrinkle on a boot that I would alter. He comes like a [...] of vitality and strength into the quietism of the Buddha, and at this moment is hooking an eye on me that is going to make me do much more work than I want to. How the man stands in his boots! Tweed, I thank you with all my heart. One day you must block out the head of Shakespeare in his later years getting a little fat and bloated, undistinguished of geature and a trifle coarse of texture - and out of [...] a face the eyes that saw an [sic.] life and saw it steadily and sanely. I am leaving London again today. Back on 4th when I hope to see you. P.L." The letter is dated September 25th, there is no year; it is difficult to be sure which year this is, since the principal bronze statue of Clive was unveiled in August 1912, but there was also a copy in marble made to be sent to Calcutta, and another, in smaller size, to be displayed in the Royal Academy (later moved to the Tate). Thus, the year is ascribed, and may be incorrect.
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1916, Columbus monument project relaunched Le projet est relancé par Emile Merwart, gouverneur de la Guadeloupe, dans le contexte de la mobilisation de la première Guerre mondiale
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1920, Creation of a committee for a monument to Gallieni in Paris The Ligue Maritime et Coloniale forms a committee to raise a monument to Gallieni in Paris. It opens a suscription for funding and receives additional funds from the city of Paris.
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1922, An artist is commissioned to make the monument to Gallieni in Paris The committee for the erection of a monument to Gallieni in Paris, created by the Ligue Maritime et Coloniale Française, commissions sculptor Eugène Bénet to make the sculpture. The committee argues it is too small for Paris, and decides to place this first draft outside of the city, near the site of Gallieni's battle inWorld War I in Trilbardour, Seine-et-Marne. The committee then commissions sculptor Jean Boucher to make the current monument, for 300,000 Francs.
- 1965, The town of Schœlcher commissions the Victor Schœlcher Monument from Martinican sculptor Marie-Thérèse Lung Fou
- 2002, Decision by Marlène Captant, RPR mayor of Sainte-Anne in Guadeloupe, to erect a statue in memory of the figure of the Maroon
- 2021, Amboise town council votes to erect a monument to Abdelkader.
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Authorisation by the Paris City Council for the city's departments to work with the Maritime League In November 1921, the Paris City Council authorised the city's departments to work with the League to design the statue.
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Création d'un comité pour l'érection d'une statue à Galliéni En mai 1921, la Ligue maritime et coloniale crée un comité pour ériger une statue de Galliéni à Paris et ouvre une souscription.
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Planting of an oak tree to honour Galliéni In 1919, an oak tree was also planted in the Jardin du Luxembourg as a tribute to Galliéni.
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Renaming of an avenue in Paris On 28 June 1918, the avenue linking Pont Alexandre III and the Hôtel des Invalides, which had housed the army museum since 1905, became Avenue Galliéni.